綜合《全球升溫1.5°C特別報告》的分析,電力部門中最關鍵乃是如何讓再生能源占比由今日的25%,於2050年時迅速成長至77%以上,甚至達到百分百。
能源選項,誰是要角?
無可迴避的挑戰:社會接受度
核能與永續發展目標
- 目標3(確保健康生活):具負面影響,核電意外及核廢處理過程仍有不可忽視的風險。上游鈾礦開採時的負面影響與煤炭相同。有些研究指出,核電廠周圍白血病比例有增加疑慮,但目前尚未能建立直接因果關係。
- 目標6(確保及永續管理水資源及衛生設施):有正面亦有負面影響。核電對冷卻水的需求,導致區域性水資源供給壓力。且溫排水會對河川與海洋造成影響。
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目標7(確保人人都能享有可負擔、穩定、永續及現代的能源):正面影響,可增加穩定的基載電力與減少能源價格波動。
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目標8(促進永續及共享的經濟成長):正面影響,增加就業與減少能源價格波動。
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目標9 (建構抗災的基礎建設,推動永續且共享的工業化,並鼓勵創新):負面影響,因為核廢、廢棄礦場、反應爐處理的龐大成本。
- 目標15(保護及促進陸域生態系永續利用):負面影響,核災意外、核廢料處理、鈾礦開採與提煉程序,將影響陸域生態。
- 目標16(促進和平且包容的社會):具負面影響。增加核電占比,將導致核武擴散風險的加劇。
「系統轉型」方為解答
1.
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IPCC, 2018: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, H. O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J. B. R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M. I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press.
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6.
台達電子文教基金會,2018,IPCC 全球升溫 1.5°C 特別報告決策者摘要中譯。
(以上不代表台達觀點)
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