系統轉型守住1.5°C防線 -- 核電與IPCC《全球升溫1.5°C特別報告》
綜合《全球升溫1.5°C特別報告》的分析,電力部門中最關鍵乃是如何讓再生能源占比由今日的25%,於2050年時迅速成長至77%以上,甚至達到百分百。
能源選項,誰是要角?
無可迴避的挑戰:社會接受度
核能與永續發展目標
- 目標3(確保健康生活):具負面影響,核電意外及核廢處理過程仍有不可忽視的風險。上游鈾礦開採時的負面影響與煤炭相同。有些研究指出,核電廠周圍白血病比例有增加疑慮,但目前尚未能建立直接因果關係。
- 目標6(確保及永續管理水資源及衛生設施):有正面亦有負面影響。核電對冷卻水的需求,導致區域性水資源供給壓力。且溫排水會對河川與海洋造成影響。
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目標7(確保人人都能享有可負擔、穩定、永續及現代的能源):正面影響,可增加穩定的基載電力與減少能源價格波動。
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目標8(促進永續及共享的經濟成長):正面影響,增加就業與減少能源價格波動。
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目標9 (建構抗災的基礎建設,推動永續且共享的工業化,並鼓勵創新):負面影響,因為核廢、廢棄礦場、反應爐處理的龐大成本。
- 目標15(保護及促進陸域生態系永續利用):負面影響,核災意外、核廢料處理、鈾礦開採與提煉程序,將影響陸域生態。
- 目標16(促進和平且包容的社會):具負面影響。增加核電占比,將導致核武擴散風險的加劇。
「系統轉型」方為解答
1.
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2.
IPCC, 2018: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, H. O. Pörtner, D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J. B. R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M. I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press.
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Bruckner T., I.A. Bashmakov, Y. Mulugetta, H. Chum, A. de la Vega Navarro, J. Edmonds, A. Faaij, B. Fungtammasan, A. Garg, E. Hertwich, D. Honnery, D. Infield, M. Kainuma, S. Khennas, S. Kim, H. B. Nimir, K. Riahi, N. Strachan, R. Wiser, and X. Zhang, 2014: Energy Systems. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Edenhofer, O., R. Pichs-Madruga, Y. Sokona, E. Farahani, S. Kadner, K. Seyboth, A. Adler, I. Baum, S. Brunner, P. Eickemeier, B. Kriemann, J. Savolainen, S. Schlömer, C. von Stechow, T. Zwickel and J.C. Minx (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
6.
台達電子文教基金會,2018,IPCC 全球升溫 1.5°C 特別報告決策者摘要中譯。
(以上不代表台達觀點)
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